Compare and Contrast: Highschool vs. College Essay

My memory of the first day of high school brings me back to the feeling of being overwhelmed. There were students allocated everywhere in one building. It seemed like every one was confused on where to go and how to behave. It seems like a long time ago to me, but my first day at college brought back those feelings. Even though there weren’t as many people scurrying around, I still felt this overwhelming sense of confusion. Now I find myself as a freshman in college, somewhat similar to that freshman in high school with just a little more independence than what I had four years ago. Most students after grammar school are mandated to attend high school. On the other hand, college is a choice. Although high school teaches us many lesson on the path of maturity, college puts that lesson to a test. Even though there are many similarities between high school and college there are just as many differences. As a freshman in high school, you find yourself developing at an accelerated rate. You have a little more freedom than middle school, a very structured class schedule and most of all the same classmates stick with you throughout all four years. High school is a very structured environment. You become dependent on your teachers and other classmates to guide you through all four years. In college, you are self-reliant and manage your own time and schedule. Depending on others will not help enhance your grades. A high school student needs to structure his or her time and find tune in his or her study habits to ensure better results. To manage your time is a learned experience in high school and carried on through college. Learning how to manage your time in high school all comes together in college. Your time management skills are put to the test in college. Even though the environment in college is to be independent, you depend on the skills learned from high school to help achieve tha t independence. Classes in high school are very structured and defined by the mandatory credits for graduation. These classes are general and are distributed on an annual basis. All students share the same classes that are based on the grade level they are attending. In high school, you depend on your teachers  for that constant reminder of the completion of assignments. On the other hand, in college your professors simply lecture. It is up to the student to understand the material from the lecture. Courses are selected by the student based on their choice of major. Even though the courses are mandated, the selection of courses are defined by the student. For both, high school and college, grades are dependent on the achievement or failure of courses. Homework and assignments are given in high school as an extra credit mechanism to help raise grades. There is more leniency to help achieve a passing grade. In high school, by applying yourself to the classes you are assigned, your grade will reflect on the amount of participation during class. In college, homework is truly based on the amount of effort you place in studying. The professors in college don’t give that leniency. The expectation of a responsible student is to understand and know the material for future use. Tests are given based on the material to further ones knowledge of the course. These tests are based on your grade. Achieving this is based on the effort put into studying, similar to the effort that is placed in high school. In conclusion, some may think high school and college are different when in fact they have similarities. Grammar school prepares us for high school. High school prepares us for college. College prepares us for the future. These experience s define us as individuals. Each environment presents us with learning experiences that we depend on to enhance our abilities to become adults. These experiences are based on appropriate decisions and choices. In order to find the similarities and differences, a student must experience the learning environment for themselves.

Sexual Harassment in the Military

1. The topic I would like to focus on is woman in the armed forces, and the issue of sexual harassment in the military. 2. The specific issue I would like to focus on is how a great number of women are sexually assaulted and raped, and there is not much they can do for justice within the majorly masculine realm of the military. I believe this is an appropriate research problem because I am being specific to women in the armed forces and even more specific on the experiences of sexual harassment nearly every woman receives in the military. I would like to expose the issues of vulnerability of women in the military. The steps I have taken was that first I had decided my topic was going to be about women in the military, then the specific issue is sexual harassment in the military and how it affect them 3. The only pitfall I can think of currently is that it may be too specific, although there are many examples and issues of this throughout the years. Otherwise I do think it will be a great topic to use for the HA and advocacy essays. 4. I intend to use multiple online databases researching for journal entries or feministic-militarism centered articles. 5. Lorraine Dowler: The Hidden War: The ‘Risk’ to Female Soldiers in the US Military Dowler, Lorraine. The Hidden War: The â€Å"Risk† to Female Soldiers in the US Military. â€Å"Reconstructing Conflict: Integrating War and Post-war Geographies. By Scott Kirsch and Colin Flint. Aldershot: Ashgate Pub. , 2011. 295-314. Print. Dowler, a professor of Women Studies, Gender, and militarization at the Pennsylvania State University, writes that, woman that are in the U. S. armed forces are immersed in an overwhelmingly masculine environment, and the woman is seen as a foreign body to most men, and are thus subject to harassment. This is important to my research because this chapter outlines the vulnerability of women in the armed forces and the easons of that vulnerability and how it affects the woman of the military. Sandra Via: Gender, War, and Militarism: Feminist Perspectives Sandra Via, has a doctorate in political science and teaches at ferrum college. Her chapter in the book is credible since the sources she had used for her chapter were from scholarly journals and articles and other people with high credentials. She talks about mainly militarization a nd globalization and the role of the woman in arms. T. S. Nelson: For Love of Country: Confronting Rape and Sexual Harassment in the U. S. Military

An exegesis of matthew

An exegesis of matthew An Exegesis of Matthew 5:1-12 Matthew 5:1-12, commonly known as the Beatitudes, has been loved by every generation since first pronounced by Christ two thousand years ago. Matthew writes this record of the life, ministry and teaching of Jesus, and he places this message soon after Jesus’ baptism and calling of the disciples. The Beatitudes are the opening section of the Sermon on the Mount, the longest recorded teaching during Christ’s lifetime. We will begin by looking at this section as it lays within the book of Matthew and then go to a more in-depth exegetical study. Literary Context The most popular approach to Matthew’s structure is the presentation of five major discourses, each ending with a formula statement that is foreign to other Biblical discourses, placed in a framework of narrative[1] (Talbert 15). In fact, â€Å"the five discourses are so clearly marked, from a literary point of view, that it is well-nigh impossible to believe that Matthew did n ot plan them† (Carson 63). Each of these discourses brings forth a topic of central importance for both the gospel rendition of the historical Jesus and the later experience of the church (Batdorf 26). The narrative section leading to the first discourse, from Matthew 3:1 to 4:25, chronicles not simply the biography of a man preparing for ministry, but the establishment of Messianic history and authority. We come to an understanding of Matthew’s first and foremost discourse, the Sermon on the Mount, only on the basis of chapters 1-4 (Batdorf 24). This sermon, which immediately follows the choosing of the twelve, marks the beginning of Jesus’ training of His disciples and a change in His method of teaching. It is His first systematic delineation of the kind of people and the conduct expected of them under the standards of God’s kingdom (Russell 8). Batdorf outlines the apex at which the Beatitudes stand: â€Å"If Jesus is the Messiah and his life on earth really does set the pattern that his disciples should match, then his [Matthew’s] words here and in all the following discourses make sense. If this is not so, then the bottom drops out of Matthew’s whole argument. In this light the Beatitudes become the hinge upon which the whole of Matthew’s structure turns† (Batdorf 28). At the forefront of Matthew’s first discourse are the Beatitudes, a collection of eight imperative statements of blessing. The term ‘beatitude’ derives from the Latin word beatitudo and is designated by many scholars as its own literary genre. As such, it is a literary form found in a wider spectrum of wisdom literature not limited to Jewish or Christian writing. Some scholars have even proposed Egyptian wisdom literature as a conceivable origin (Betz 92). Poetic parallelism can be found in the Beatitudes as a carryover from the poetry of the Old Testament. The arrangement in quatrains of parallel lines containing pa rallel or corresponding ideas is very common and Psalms 8 is a prime example (Russell 15). Matthew’s eight beatitudes are composed of two quatrains, each ending with the word ‘righteousness.’ The terminology generally used for this is an â€Å"envelope figure† and Matthew uses it again in Matt. 7:16-20. Although scholars often attribute this arrangement to the composer of the Logia, Russell points out that it is â€Å"highly probable that so poetic a spirit as Jesus, brought up as he was in the Hebrew tradition and accustomed from childhood to the poetry of the Psalms and other Old Testament literature, would use parallelism for his words of gnomic wisdom as well as for his utterances of exalted imagination and lofty feeling† (Russell 16).

Transport planning policy article critique Essay

Transport planning policy article critique - Essay Example â€Å"Peak everything† is a phrase that Heinberg and other ecological advocates use to indicate that most finite resources are reaching or will reach exploitation limits and will thereafter only give less and less of the resource at higher and higher cost, but peak oil has achieved special attention. Since every element of the economy needs petrochemicals in production (and not just in factories but also in high-intensity Green Revolution agriculture), consumption, transportation and distribution, peak oil means the end of growth, since every element of the society becomes perpetually more expensive. The connection with transportation is obvious: Transportation must be sustainable if it is to be relevant. Hank Dittmar's Transport and Neighbourhoods (2008), and his earlier collaboration with Ditland (2004), emphasizes sustainability in its approach. Dittmar argues that sustainability will have to be part of a ground-up approach to design. It's meaningless, for example, to make it easier to navigate an inner city without a car if the people who work at the inner city commute from a suburb that is designed for urban sprawl. Dittmar argues for sustainable cities. These cities are characterized by a number of factors: 1. Sustainable transportation and sustainable city design being interlinked 2. ... calls â€Å"the five minute pint†, or the five minute trip to a local pub; this means that it's not just walkability for access to essential institutions like groceries and schools, but also walkability to reasonable centers of entertainment and social interaction 5. Accessible public transportation: A subway is meaningless if it takes a car to get there 6. Market-based strategies 7. Scale of problem demands immediate and technological solutions Dittmar's position as a Prince Foundation urban design analyst does provide his claims with authority and plausibility, but I fear as I look at his analysis that perhaps there is the classic problem of an expert analyzing his own issue. First: Experts tend to reduce everything to their core issue. Second: Experts often can only see things within the theoretical blinders of their own profession. Urban planning and transportation are obviously connected, but it seems naive to think that it's just urban planning and its inaccessibility to non-commuting approaches causes driving issues. There are obviously numerous other factors. Gas and oil subsidies in the West, particularly in America, make it artificially easy to drive cars (Geiger and Hamburger, 2010). In general, public investment into research provides corporations with the means to produce antisocial institutions: Research in general should focus on other factors. There's also a culture of car ownership. Cars are signs of independence, prosperity and masculinity: The purr of a Lamborghini still has great pull even in this increasingly green age. It's possible to design a city where no one needs to drive a car, and people will still prefer to. And the problem is that mass transportation not being sexy means that less people ride, which reduces the number of stops the system

You will see with the attachment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

You will see with the attachment - Essay Example A professional person is able to perform a high quality work with honesty and dignity. Nursing requires impressive emotional contribution in the process of work’s completion, constant advancement and perfection of knowledge, attentive attitude to the patients and an overall control in the process of medical treatment. It is interesting to have an option of on-line education. It is very convenient, but it requires special knowledge and skills. Thus, for example, a very important role plays online communication and it is necessary to know peculiarities of email composing and be aware of e-mail etiquette. During my study I got acquainted with different peculiarities of e-mail etiquette. For example, it is relevant to fill in the subject line of email, be concise and exact in one’s messages et cetera. Online communication provides a lot of new opportunities and makes the process more interesting. Moreover, in the process of study communication online is more effective that traditional form of communication, because there is an option of online conferences with people from all over the world, sending attachments, correcting and adding necessary information instantaneously and so on. This form of communication is of high relevance in my profession, because it is possible to get informed once a p atient has some news or wants to get some information. It is evident that the effect of medical treatment is higher in case both traditional and online types of communication are combined. Patient can ask relevant questions at any time and get answer at once thus much time can be economized. For example, a nurse can receive email from the patient with the latest information about his health and help him the way she can as soon as it is possible. Another option is to find some files or information about the patient and send it to

Mixed methods research Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Mixed methods research - Assignment Example The mixed methods of research has numerous advantages. According to Collins, Onwuegbuzie & Jiao (2007), the mixed methods research provided a deeper understanding of the research problem; thus, allows for development of a better instruments of research that gather correct information on the topic in question. In addition, the mixed methods research helps outdo all the weaknesses that the quantitative and qualitative research may have in a study. Lastly, the mixed methods research helps explain the findings in a better way and even explain the causal relationships between variables (Creswell, 2013). The use of mixed methods research design may be disadvantageous to the field of Business Studies especially in the study of the implications of amalgamations and acquisitions on small and middle-sized business lending since the mixed methods research may not effectively apply the mixed methods; thus, not fully capitalize on the degree to which they apply the approach (Hurmerinta-Peltomki & Nummela, 2006). Collins, K. M., Onwuegbuzie, A. J. & Jiao, Q. G. (2007). A mixed methods investigation of mixed methods sampling designs in social and health science research. Journal of Mixed Methods Research, 1(3),

Hong Kong Consumers' (Aged 20-40) response to Traditional Chinese Dissertation

Hong Kong Consumers' (Aged 20-40) response to Traditional Chinese herbal medicine and their influence on advertising - Dissertation Example rchase Decisions 3.5 Critical Factors that influence Customers’ Purchase Decisions 3.6 Summary and Conclusion Chapter 4: Research Methodology 4.1 Introduction 4.2 Research Objectives 4.3 Research Approach 4.4 Research Methods 4.5 Research Design 4.4.1 Population and sample size 4.4.2 Data Collection Instrument – Survey Questionnaire 4.4.3 Data Collection Method 4.4.4 Method of Data Analysis 4.5 Pilot Test 4.6 Ethical considerations 4.7 Limitations Chapter 5: Discussion and Analysis 5.1 Introduction 5.2 Findings and Analysis 5.2.1 Age and Income Distribution 5.2.2 Perception about Chinese Herbal Medicine 5.2.2.1 Perception of Parity and Potency of Chinese Herbal Medicine (CHM) with respect to the Western Medicine 5.2.2.2 Positive Change in Attitude and Consumption 5.2.2.3 Ad Message/Content Framing and Ad Effectiveness 5.2.2.4 Positive Emotional Response and Ad Effectiveness 5.2.2.5 Heirarchy of Importance for Selection Criteria 5.3 Conclusions Chapter 6: Conclusions and Recommendations 6.1 Conclusions 6.2 Recommendations 6.3 Future Scope of Research Figure 1: Age and Perception of Parity of CHM Figure 2: Income and Perception of Parity of CHM Figure 3: Age and Perception of Potency of Chinese Herbal Medicines Figure 4: Income and Perception of Potency of Chinese Herbal Medicines Figure 5: Positive Attitude Change towards CHM Figure 6: Age and Positive Attitude Change towards CHM Figure 7: Income and Positive Attitude Change towards CHM Figure 8: Reasons for Positive Attitude Change toward CHM Figure 9: Age Difference and Reasons for Attitude Change Figure 10: Income Difference and Reasons for Attitude Change Table A: Conceptual Framework for Research Table 1: Age Group Distribution of the selected sample Table 2: Income Group Distribution of the selected sample... This "Hong Kong Consumers' (Aged 20-40) response to Traditional Chinese herbal medicine and their influence on advertising " essay outlines a positive attitude change towards the CHM, and the reasons ranged from desire to have long and healthy life, increase in income, increase in awareness and the proliferation of infectious diseases in the recent past. Traditional Chinese Medicine originated in ancient China and the practitioners use a combination of methods such as acupuncture and herbs as methods of treatment. The Chinese herbal medicine is unique because it is very different from the way in which other forms of herbal medicines treat the diseases (Connor and Geoffrey, 2001). One major difference is that in the western approach to herbal approach focuses on herbs taken by them. However, in Chinese herbal medicine, the treatment is done through various combinations of herbs. Traditionally, the treatment is not designed for one particular illness; instead, the focus is on a holisti c approach to the treatment. However, with the increase in demand, traditional Chinese medicine now also has a disease-oriented version that can be used after consultation (Deng, 1999). Chinese herbal medicine is very popular in Asian countries and many people prefer to opt for it because it does not have any side effects unlike the allopathic form of medicine (Teeguarden, 1994). In the United States, Traditional Chinese Medicine is considered to be a part of the complementary and alternative medicine (Foster & Yue, 1992).

Mission, Vision, and Stakeholders Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Mission, Vision, and Stakeholders - Essay Example This same view was earlier aired by Raynor (1988) where the researcher refers to mission and vision statement as an organisation cornerstone that guide and provide actions, directions and aspirations for the future. Vision statement refers to the desirable (O'Brien & Meadows 2001). In other words, a vision is the articulated goal for the organisation. Unlike mission statement, vision statement is a core goal. Once this is achieved, a direction will be set for the next vision (Soyer & Asan 2007, O'Brien & Meadows 2001, Thomas et.al., 1993). Forman & Camponovo (2004:1) referred to mission statement "as the most basic embodiment of business strategy.. for mission statement is often at the heart of strategy formulation for successful organisation. Raynor (1998) further outlined the role of vision and mission statement which include In addition, Mission and vision statement by defining an organisations' boundaries draw demarcation between one organisation and the other by exhibiting the organisations salient features (Soyer & Asan 2007, O'Brien & Meadows 2001, Forman & Componova 2004). In all, in an organisation the creation of its mission and vision is an important first step in the development of modern, strategic management (Forman & Componova 2004). ... t some carefully crafted and publicly promulgated statement of an organization' s mission, purpose, values, goals, and vision" (Forman & Componova 2004:10) In Wal-mart, the mission and vision statements are defined within five core business principles which include, outstanding customer service, effective and efficient operations, strong capital and liquidity, prudent lending policy and strict expense discipline. However, vision and mission statement are frequently abused by the people trusted to implement it. According to Fama & Jensen (1983) managers of organisations will always act at the expense of the institution because of their personal interest. This is true because bonuses have become a thing of the past (Forman & Componova 2004). Mission and vision statements message must be communicated in precise simple and clear language supported through out the organisation. In today's organisation, this is not often the case due to misalignments; the mission and vision were overstated. Forman & Componova (2004) argued that misuse of this statement is so common and over time hard work is necessary for revival. They caution that, "Unless mission and vision reflect the core values, capabilities, and goals of individual organisations, they cannot shape current and future operations and therefore soon become clichs" (Forman & Componova 2004:7) References Fama, F.E., & Jensen, C.M. (1983). Separation of Ownership and Control. Forman, P.H., & Componovo, J. E. (2004). The business Radiology and the Mission Statement. Journal of American college of Radiology. Volume1, Issue 2, Feb. 2004 Pp.108-112 O'Brien, F., & Meadows, M. (2001). How to develop visions: A literature review, and a revised CHOICES approach for an uncertain world, Journal

Arguments about the critical period hypothesis Annotated Bibliography

Arguments about the critical period hypothesis - Annotated Bibliography Example The researchers were able to identify that this generalization is not completely true and that there are other factors involved. This research will be used to provide support for the opponent side of the argument that puberty and the age before puberty is the critical period to gain native like proficiency in learning a second language. In this research article the author provides a commentary and definition of an individual’s ability to speak a language in the same way a native user of that language speaks that language. In this article the author even states that the critical period hypothesis restricts the way researchers look at non-natives ability to learn a second language. This article will be used to define the concepts of nativelikeness as well as non-nativelikeness in relation to the usage of these concepts in the critical period argument. This research was conducted on Spanish subjects in order to identify the constraints they experience while gaining nativelike pro ficiency in learning a second language. The researchers were able to identify that there is a negative correlation between an individual’s ability to learn a second language with nativelike proficiency and age even once the critical period has elapsed. This study will be used to argue against the critical period hypothesis and it will be used to support the point that non-natives fail to develop nativelike proficiency in using a language before as well as after the critical period.

International Financial Institutions Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

International Financial Institutions - Essay Example It depends on the government of the recipient countries as to the utilization of aid funds and grants. Foreign assistance in the form of aid plays vital role in development of an underdeveloped country to the extent that they are utilized properly. Government institutions have also a significant role in the utilizing this amount. Good government policies not only help country in its development but also help in utilizing the donors' money properly. Existing research [e.g. Burnside and Dollar (1997), Mosley, Hudson and Verschoor (2004), Dalgaard, Hansen, and Tarp (2004), Burnside and Dollar (2000) etc.] suggests that academicians and scholars stress greatly on the importance of recipient country's policies in the effectiveness of aid. These authors regard aid as highly effective in poverty reduction and economic development only if the recipient country's policies are growth and development oriented. This suggests that although aid can contribute a lot towards economic development and prosperity, the result could be entirely opposite. Burnside and Dollar (1997) strongly opine that foreign aid leads to growth in poor countries with 'sound economic policies' (p4). The authors identify certain good policies that lead to long-term growth in recipient countries including "open trade regimes, fiscal discipline and avoidance of high inflation" (p5). They take example of Botswana and Indonesia as countries that performed well after receiving foreign aid whereas the countries like Tanzania and Zambia could not perform well. They studied the provision of bilateral aid in the period of Cold War and found that foreign aid provided to countries with poor economic policies such as Tanzania or Zambia was thoroughly wasted whereas it could lead to growth and development in countries with good economic policies. They argue that, "in a sound policy environment, aid attracts private investment, whereas in a poor policy environment, it displaces private investment." (p5). Hence, if the recipient country's economic policies are good or growth oriented, infusion of foreign aid can accelerate the process of economic development. For instance, if the existing policies of a recipient country accentuate open trade environment and encourage private investment, aid can be effective in removing the financial hurdles in the way of industrialization. The element of good and bad government policy is highly evident in the literature. The concept of good economic policy highlights the importance of aid allocation to the areas where it can be the most effective in bringing the desired results. Mosley, Hudson and Verschoor expound that "the marginal aid dollar should flow to where its effectiveness is highest, under the joint influence of existing policies and levels of poverty, not necessarily to where it is high" (2004, F218). Hence, the policies of recipient government which are relevant to the process of aid allocation truly determine the extent to which aid becomes effective in poverty reduction and economic growth or is simply wasted on less important issues. For example, if the goal of aid provision Dalgaard, Hansen, and Tarp "sufficiently poor economic management,

Outline the key features of utilitarianism Essay Example for Free

Outline the key features of utilitarianism Essay The theory of utilitarianism was developed by and associated by Jeremy Bentham and utilitarianism is a teleological ethical theory where the moral value of an action can be judged by its consequences. Three main philosophers have come up with different types of utilitarianism. Jeremy Bentham introducing Act Utilitarianism and John Stuart Mill trying to improve the flaws that he encountered with Bentham’s theory with his Rule Utilitarianism and lastly, Peter Singer with his preference utilitarianism. Act Utilitarianism is the original and official form of utilitarianism which states that we must on any occasion act in the way which will produce overall consequences better than those that any other act open to us would produce. Therefore, the greatest happiness principle should inform on any act that we undertake. It only focuses on the outcome of the action and not concerned with the motive or intention of the action. Jeremy Bentham, being an hedonist, which he believes that all humans naturally seeks pleasure and tries to avoid pain. He stated â€Å"nature has placed mankind under the government of two sovereign masters, pain and pleasure†¦ they govern us in all we do, in all we say, in all we think. † Therefore, according the Bentham, an action is right if it brought more pleasure and wrong if it produces pain. Once Bentham had established that pleasure and pain were the important qualities to determine the moral values, he then developed the utility principle. The rightness or wrongness of an action is determined by its usefulness. Usefulness refers to the amount happiness caused by the action. The theory is known as the greatest happiness principle which is ‘an action is right if it produces the greatest happiness for the greatest number of people,† believing that this would create happiness, and an intrinsic key to life. The possible consequences of different actions must be measured clearly to establish which option generates the most pleasure and the least pain. He introduced the hedonic calculus to measure the consequences. The Hedonic Calculus has seven different elements which include that intensity, duration, certainty or uncertainty, propinquity, fecundity, purity and extent of an action. Act Utilitarianism states that the principle of utility should be applied to every individual situation. John Stuart Mill saw Bentham’s theory and tried to improve it in his own way which he introduced Rule Utilitarianism. Rule Utilitarianism teaches that we should establish rules based on the greatest happiness principle and then follow these rules. Therefore there is no need to decide the greatest happiness in every situation because following the rules should in general produce the greatest happiness for the greatest number. Individual acts can therefore be judged as right or wrong by reference to the rules. Mill’s basic idea was that pleasure of the mind that spirit were more value than pleasure of the body. He believes that higher pleasures are generally more intellectual pleasures such as learning, reading and so on. Whereas, lower pleasures are more sensual pleasures such as eating, drinking, sex, etc. Therefore, reading a book, learning something new would be far superior and preferable as humans can only experience these. He said, â€Å"it is better to be a human being dissatisfied than a pig satisfied; better to be Socrates dissatisfied than a fool satisfied,† this means that humans are much more capable of experiencing higher pleasures than animals. Therefore, even if humans are dissatisfied their knowledge of such higher pleasure makes their lives better than animals. Rule Utilitarianism can be divided into two sections which is Strong and Weak rule utilitarianism. Strong rule utilitarians always follow these rules no matter what the outcome will be and believe that these rules should never be broken. Weak rule utilitarians however believe that these rules can be broken if more pleasure is produced. Lastly, Peter Singer’s modern version of utilitarianism which is Preference Utilitarianism. Preference utilitarians believe that something is right if it leads the greatest fulfilment of preference for as many as possible. They consider whether a decision is right or wrong by looking whether it fits in with what people would prefer. Peter Singer was concerned about the minorities and felt that they should also be included when considering what is best for everyone. He also believes that animals have preference, not just humans. And this is because they also feel pain and they have a preference to not feel pain.

Current Research in Astronomy Essay Example for Free

Current Research in Astronomy Essay For many astronomers, Adaptive Optics is something like a dream coming true. Since 1609 and the first observations of celestial bodies performed with the help of an optical telescope, astronomers have always fought to improve the resolving power of their instruments. For a long time, engineers have trimmed the optical quality of the telescopes, until they finally reached the barrier set by the atmospheric turbulence. At that point, the intrinsic quality of the site became a major issue to establish new observatories with modern telescopes, and astronomers started to desert the urban skies and to migrate toward mountains and deserts (Alloin and Mariotti 2004 9). The recent emergence Adaptive optics aims at providing diffraction limited long exposure images at large telescopes, which is greatly considered as one of astronomy’s breakthrough (Alloin and Mariotti 2004 9; Espinosa 1997 12). By far, the largest limitation to the application of adaptive optics to astronomy is very limited sky coverage when using natural guide stars for wavefront sensing. Similar limitations existed for many military applications of adaptive optics (Espinosa 1997 12). Adaptive optics systems provide a real time correction of the distorted wavefronts; they restore all the properties of light prior to the final part of its travel through the atmosphere (Alloin and Mariotti 2004 9). Discussion Adaptive Optics: Wavefront and Laser Guide Star (LGS) Adaptive optic systems for atmospheric turbulence compensation require a reference star for correcting wavefront distortion. The sodium LGS relies on resonant backscattering of a laser tuned into the D2 sodium absorption line to provide a reference, but LGS must sufficiently bright to correct high order wavefront aberration (Zamorano, Gorgas and Gallego 2001 317). The key concept in adaptive optics is the wave front, which is found by tracing out an equal optical path (distance x refractive index) from a source to the region of interest. For a point source and free space, wavefronts are spherical, and for starlight, the distance is so large that for all practical purposes the wavefronts entering the Earth’s atmosphere are plane. After propagating through the random refractive index of the atmosphere, the wavefront entering the telescope pupil is random, and its statistics determine the image quality, and govern how an adaptive optical system might be used to compensate for the distortion (Agerorges 2000 4). Such effect greatly depends on the laser lunch power, polarization’s beam, atmospheric transmission and the sodium column density, which, if obtained appropriately, might even enhance the imagery, increase the scope of telescopic observatory, and improve the image details of pictures obtained from astronomical studies (Zamorano, Gorgas and Gallego 2001 317). The use of LGS AO has caught on quickly within the astronomical community in large part because, equipped with adaptive optics operating at the diffraction limit in the near-infrared, the new 6- to 10-m telescopes possess the capability to match the angular resolution in the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) in the visible and to exceed its resolution in the near infrared (Rodier 256). Laser Guide Star LGS, basically, is a technology that utilizes AO imaging in order to enhance graphical imagery of telescopes and view astronomical images with additional quality. The technology uses an artificial star in order to act as a wavefront reference source, which consequently corrects light distortion (Zamorano, Gorgas and Gallego 2001 317). The need for a bright stellar was always a concern for astronomical applications of adaptive optics. To operate, a wavefront sensor must have sufficient light to overcome photon noise and background noise with enough light left over to form the image. In astronomy, few stars of scientific interest are sufficiently bright. For imaging uncooperative satellites, reflected light is often too dim or nonexistent. In 1985, French astronomers Foy and Labeyrie published work detailing how one might use backscatter from a laser focused to a point in the atmosphere as an artificial beacon (a guide star) for astronomical adaptive optics. As work progressed in the astronomy community to build and test a laser powerful enough to have sufficient backscatter for the Foy-Labeyrie method (Tyson 2000 5). Since the beginning of the 1980s, classified U. S military work was addressing the problems of projecting high-energy laser beams from the ground to space for missile defense and secure communications. The research from 1982 at the U. S Air Force Starfire Optical Range (USAFSOR) directed by Robert Fugate advanced the laser guide star concept and produced a wealth information about laser performance requirements, adaptive optics system operation, atmospheric physics, and closed loop image of space borne objects. By 1991, the bulk of military work on laser guide starts was declassified and made available to astronomers around the world (Tyson 2000 5). Currently, LGS is being developed by various nations, setting up their own laser beacon and extensively enhancing research through the said technology. The use of a laser beacon as the reference source enables faint objects to be compensated by adaptive optics, at the expense of greater hardware complexity. The laser beacon must be directed within the isoplanatic angle of the science object at the observation wavelength; although, this procedure provide only short-exposure correction. On the other hand, a fixed natural guide star possesses the ability to further stabilized the image during long exposures so that sky coverage depends on the distribution of stars, which consequently enhances the space imagery (Hardy 1998 309). There are many cases where the object itself, such as a sunlit satellite, is insufficient for wavefront sensing. In astronomy, there are billions of stellar objects too dim for sensing and not near enough in the sky to bright objects. For high-energy laser propagation to uncooperative targets or satellite tracking and imaging, an artificial source must be placed above the atmosphere to provide photons for the wavefront sensor and subsequent compensation. Lasers actually provide only partial correction, because a natural star still is required and opposite tilt upon traveling up into the atmosphere and returning (Tyson 2000 6-7). Particularly exciting development is the use of adaptive telescope mirrors to compensate for the distortion of stellar images produced by atmospheric turbulence. Using adaptive optics, ground-based telescopes are now demonstrating diffraction-limited performance, albeit over relatively small fields of view. It can be expected that large ground-based telescopes will have higher resolution and light-gathering power than space-based telescopes, since both of these performance metrics depend on aperture size. Moreover, ground-based telescopes can be larger than those space-based ones; hence, enabling higher development and scope for stellar imagery. The adaptive optical system of LGS displays 0. 07-arcsecond resolution, which is almost a hundred times better than past ground-based telescope systems but uses a telescope built approximately 80 years ago (national Research Council 1998 137-138). Conclusion LGS AO is one of the breakthroughs of current astronomical imagery, which provides enhanced images and display features that are usually not present in the space-based telescopes, such as HCT. The mechanism involved utilizes a guide star or an artificial star that facilitates the graphical imagery. LGS works as distortion corrector enabling enhanced imaging through AO ground-based telescopes. Conclusion Ageorges, N. Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics for Astronomy. Springer, 2000. Alloin, Danielle M. , and Jean-Marie Mariotti. Adaptive Optics for Astronomy. Springer, 2004. Espinosa, Jose. Instrumentation for Large Telescopes. Cambridge University Press, 1997. Flectcher, L. Solid State Laser for Subaru Laser Guide Star Adaptive Optics. Subaru Telescope. 6 July 2005. 8 Jan. 2008 www. nao. ac. jp/E/Outreach/pr-rl/2005/index. html. Flectcher, L. Observational Methods. 14 Feb. 2005. 8 Jan. 2008 http://www. astro. gla. ac. uk/users/lyndsay/TEACHING/A1OBSMETH/VIEWGRAPHS/starlight-figure1. jpg. Hardy, John W. Adaptive Optics for Astronomical Telescopes. Oxford University Press, 1998. National Research Council (U. S. ), . Harnessing Light: Optical Science and Engineering for the 21st Century. National Academies Press, 1998. Roddier, Francois . Adaptive Optics in Astronomy. Cambridge University Press, 1999. Tyson, Robert K. Adaptive Optics Engineering Handbook. CRC Press, 2000. Zamorano, Jaime, Javier Gorgas, and Jesus Gallego. Highlights of Spanish Astrophysics II. Springer, 2001.

Java Net Business Case For An Internet Cafe Management Essay

Java Net Business Case For An Internet Cafe Management Essay Executive summary: Java Net is a different type of cafà © and it is not like a typical cafe, will give an unparallel assembly for communication and entertainment by the medium of the Internet. Java Net is mainly established for meeting the demand of customer. The customer wants: (1) access to the communication and entertainment website and can get access to search the available information to the Internet, and (2) access to the internet at a lower cost so that they can able to pay and by this way that they arent separated socially, economically, or politically. Java Nets aim is to give the residential with a social, educational, entertaining, environment for universal communication. This cafà © will be established in the place of Central London. This business plan is mainly made for the purpose of getting fund in the amount of  £24,000. The subsidiary funding is necessary to start work on preparation of site and change, buying equipment, and to assess cost in the first year of operations. Additional funding has already been fixed in the figure of: (1) From the Oregon Economic Development Fund, we get  £24,000 (2)  £19,000 of personal savings from owner (3)  £36,000 from three investors (4) and  £9,290 in the form of short-term loans. Java Net will be incorporated as an LLC corporation. It will safeguard the owner thats me, and the three investors who are from outside, Doug Wilson, Luke Walsh, and John Underwood, from matter of personal responsibility and tax which is pay as double. The investors will be considered as shareholders and they may not be responsible spending investment of personally  £12,000 each. The funding which is related to the contribution of capital from the owner which is me, shareholders and the Oregon Economic Development Fund, will permit Java Net to successfully establish and run business operations by year one. The large amount of initial capital investment will permit Java Net to give its customers to present it as entire characteristics of internet cafe. This cafà © is recognized as a unparalleled, up market, and creative environment is necessary to give the customers with an environment that will engender socialization. Successful operation in year one will give Java Net with a customer base that will permit it to be self ample in year two. http://www.bplans.co.uk/internet_cafe_business_plan/images/de0d28745dc64a87bae6f1a1613ffbae.png Objectives Java Net has some objectives for running the operation for three years: The innovation of an unparalleled, up market, creative atmosphere that will diverse Java Net from local coffee houses. Give an understanding to the community about the Internet service that is what they offer or what their facilities are. The establishment of an environment that will attract people with various interests and settings together in a common forum. To provide a very good coffee and the bakery items at a reasonable and fair price. Easily available of internet resources and other facilities of online. Keys to Success The main factors which are involved in the success of Java Net: The innovation of an unparalleled, creative, up market atmosphere that will add as the new features of Java Net and differentiate it from other competitors such as: local coffee shop and prospective internet cafes. The formation of Java Net as a residential centre for communication, socialization and entertainment. The innovation of an environment that wont restrain the user who are initiator. Java Net will set up its position itself as one of main educational resource for individuals wanted to find out about their internet facilities and alternatives. Good coffee and bakery items. Mission Due to the increment of popularity of the Internet which is continually growing at an exponential rate, easy and low cost entry  is rapidly becoming an essential of life. Java Net gives communities with the capacity to enter the Internet, take a cup of coffee, and enjoy Internet experiences in a comfortable environment. All ages and any backgrounds of people will come to enjoy the unparalleled, up market, educational, and creative environment that Java Net offers. Risks The risks consisted with starting Java Net are: Will there be a need for the services provided by Java Net in UK? Will the popularity of the Internet regular to grow, or is the Internet on less popularity? Will individuals be interested to pay for the service Java Net provides? Will the cost of entering the Internet from home drop so necessarily that there may not be a market for the Internet Cafes such as Java Net? Task 2: 1.2 Literature review: Java Net, soon to be established in Central London on 10th and Oak, will provide the community easy and affordable entry to the Internet. Java Net will offer entire access to email, WWW, FTP, Usenet and all other Internet applications such as Telnet and Gopher. Java Net will also give customers with an unparalleled and creative location for enjoying great coffee, special beverages, and bakery items. Java Net will in sort to all ages and backgrounds of customers. The instructional Internet classes, and the assisted staff that Java Net offers, will in sort to the audience that does not link themselves with the age of computer. This aspect of education will pull members such as younger and elder of the community who are quickly attaining involvement in the unparalleled resources that communicate through online have to provide. The downtown place will give business people with convenient access with their morning coffee and online requirement. Java Net is a privately under by Oregon Limited Liability Corporation. Cale Bruckner, the founder of Java Net, is the majority owner. Luke Walsh, Doug Wilson, and John Underwood, all sustain minority position of stock as private investors. Task 3: Information about market Java Net is meeting with the opportunity as stimulated of being the step-mover in the cyber-cafe market. The coherent quality of coffee, aggregate with the increasing interest in the Internet, has been established to be a gaining concept in related markets and it will produce the same results in other market. There are some factors such as current tendency, habituation, and sales data assure that the high requirement for coffee will continue invariable more than the next five years. The quick development of the Internet and online services which has been found there is only the tip of the iceberg. The possible development of the Internet is tremendous, to the item while one day, a computer terminal with the connection of online will be as usual and requirement as a telephone. It can be 10 or 20 years downward the road, but since the next five years, the service of online supplier market is certain to feel enormous development. As a modern cyber-cafe in London, Java Net will enjoy the spontaneous advantages of name identification and customer commitment. At first, Java Net will maintain a 100 % share of the market of the cyber-cafe here in UK. Since the following five years, competitors will access the market. Java Net has established an aim to hold more than a market share of 50 percent. Assignment 2: Task 1: Project resources: Java Net will give full enter to email such as, WWW, FTP, Usenet and other Internet using for example: Telnet and Gopher. With the Internet system, printing, scanning, and introductory courses will also be available to the customer. Java Net will also offer customers with an unparalleled and creative environment for enjoying the great coffee, special beverages and delicious bakery items. Competitive Comparison Java Net will be the most Internet cafe in Central London. Java Net will vary itself from the strictly-coffee cafes in London by offering its customers with combination of Internet and services of computing. Service Description Java Net will provide its customers with complete enter to the Internet and usual computer software and hardware. There are some valuable services of the Internet and computing accessories available to Java Net customers are mentioned below: Enter to external email accounts of POP3. Customers can sign up for an email account of Java Net. This account will mainly be controlled by the server of Java Net and accessible from computer systems exterior the Java Net network. FTP, Telnet, Gopher, and other popular Internet application will be used. Enter to browser of Netscape or Internet Explorer. Application of laser and color printing. Enter to recognized and more using software applications such as: Adobe Photo Shop and Microsoft Word. Java Net will also offer its customers with enter to basic classes of Internet and email. These classes will be started in the afternoon and in the evening time. By taking these classes, Java Net will establish a loyalty to the customers to its services. The computers, accessories, Internet access, and the classes couldnt mention half of the action if carried out of the environment Java Net will provide. Special offer such as: a good coffee, special drinks, bakery related items, and a comfortable environment will offer Java Net customers bring in the cafà © from the far away from home. It will be considered as a place to enjoy the facility of computing in a comfortable and well-designed environment. Fulfillment Java Net will attain the support of computer and Internet entrance from British Telecom Company who provided the support of internet service located in UK. That company will offer the connections of internet, network looking up, and the hardware necessary to operate the Java Network. Allan Brothers will offer Java Net with coffee material, mass coffee, and paper supplies. At this time, the contract for the bakery related items has not been finished. Java Net is presently managing with Humble Bagel and the French horn to fulfill the requirement. Task 2 3: Technology Java Net will spend money in high-velocity computers to offer its customers with a quick and effective link to the Internet. The computers will be authentic and amusing to work with. Java Net will extend to promote and change the method to remain present with the technology of communications. Other main interests is connected with Internet cafes, which is the equipment art and it is available there and the other facility is that not each person has the pc of Pentium on their office or home. Future Services Since Java Net develops, more technology of communications systems will be included. The hypothesis of supplemental units has been responsible for in the present plan of floor. Since the need for connectivity of internet grows, on with the growth in competition, Java Net will extend to include modern services to sustain its customer base return back for more. Start-up Summary Java Nets costs of business commencement will cover the equipment of coffee making, site redevelopment and change, arrange capital to adjust with losses in the first year, and the equipment of communications require to receive its customers online. The equipment of communications is important to offer Java Nets customers with a quick link to the Internet and the coffee services which have to provide to create a large proportion of the commencement cost. And these costs will incur the terminal of computer and total costs included with their establishment. Costs will also be incurring for the buying of two laser printers and a scanner. Not only this, costs will be arranged for the buying of the instrument of coffee preparing. Minor additional instrument, a office grinder, one espresso machine which will be buying from other suppliers. The site at Central London will need the funds for redevelopment and change. A single calculated figure will be distributed for this objective. The restoration cost estimate will add the cost which is related with preparing the site for opening business. Initial cost includes: Computers 11 =  £22,000 Printers 2 =  £1,000 Scanner 1 =  £500 System software =  £810 Espresso machine 1 =  £10,700 Automatic espresso grinder 1=  £795 Repairs and restructuring: Coffee /food preparation counters2 =  £1,000 Information display counter 1 =  £1,000 Drinking /eating counter =  £500 Stools 16 =  £1,600 Computer desks with chairs 6 =  £2,400 Items of stationery =  £500 Telephones 2 =  £200 Cost of decoration =  £13,000 http://www.bplans.co.uk/internet_cafe_business_plan/images/4883bc74c1e54d4c89bb4b085170c732.png Start-up Necessary things: Initial cost Cost on legal matters Cost of stationary Brochures Advisors Insurance Rent Coffee machine Grinder of bean Printer scanner, system software etc. Line of communication Fixtures/Remodel Total initial cost Initial capital Cash Required Initial stock Other Current Assets Long-term Assets Total Assets Total Requirements Location of Company and opportunities A site has been chosen at Central London in UK. This site is selected for various reasons, including: Closeness to the downtown business group. Closeness to trendy, up market restaurants. Closeness to London over ground Station. Parking availability. Renting cost is low  £.85 per square foot for 1700 square feet. High visibility. These qualities are coherent with Java Nets aim of offering a main part of communication and socialization for the British community. Assignment 3: Task1. Implementation of the project: Java Net usually uses three crucial strategies. Firstly: they concentrate on pulling new user of Internet. By offering friendly environment to a new user, Java Net expects to teach and train a loyal customer base. Secondly, which is the most important strategy concentrates on attracting in strength Internet users. Strength Internet users are enormously associated with the Internet and its services. Here, a large group of customers get the service from the Java Net. Power users should have the knowledge, understanding and experience of web-browsing that novice Internet users feel interesting and exciting. The third and the last strategy emphasize on establishing a social environment for the customer of Java Net. A social environment, that gives entertainment, will assist to pull customers that couldnt usually concentrate about utilizing the Internet. In former in place at Java Net, the group of customers that occurred for the over standard entertainment offerings, will recognize the prospective entertainment scope the Internet can offer. Strategy Pyramid The following subtle offer a concept of Java Nets three basic strategies. Strategy pyramid graphics are demonstrated in the appendix of this plan. Attract beginner Internet Users Java Nets first strategy focuses on attracting beginner Internet users. Java Net plans on attracting these customers by: Offering a friendly and social environment for new users. Java Net will be served through qualified personnel concentrated on serving the customers requirement. Java net arranges a customer service desk will always be served. If a customer has any type of query or matter, Java Net personnel will always be available to do help. Java Net will provide basic classes on the subject of Internet and email. These classes will be plan in such a way that can help novice users recognize themselves with these basic tools and the Java Net computer systems. Competitive Edge Java Net will focus on the strategy of differentiation to achieve a competitive advantage in this sort of cafe market. While offering the service of internet, Java Net distinguishes itself from other cafe and creates competition with all other cafes in UK. In addition, Java Net offers a relaxed environment with a coffee and bakery related items; differentiate itself from other Internet servicers in UK. Task 2 : Marketing Strategy Java Net will place itself as an up market coffee house and the most attractive service provider of internet. It will provide Standard quality coffee and drinks of different taste with a reasonable and competitive price. Because of the larger number of cafes in UK, it is necessary that Java Net establishes reasonable prices for its coffee. Java Net will apply the technique of advertising as it is considered as the main source of promotion. The cafà © opening with an add which will be a coupon for a free one hour of Internet usuage. In addition, Java Net will offer away three hours of internet using which is free use to novices who sign up for a basic to the Internet workshop giving by Java Net. Pricing Strategy Java Net mainly depends on the value of coffee and drinks of different taste on the analysis of retail profit provided by our supplier, Allan Brothers Coffee Co., Inc. Allan Brothers, which has been in this sort of coffee business for almost of 22 years and has established a proper pricing strategy. Establishing a reasonable market on the basis of hourly price, it is more difficult to use online because there is no such type of direct rivalry from another cyber-cafe in area. Therefore, Java Net will consider three main sources to establish the hourly charging rate. First, we concentrate the cost to use other Internet service provider; either it is the firm of local networking or UK online provider. The supplier of internet access applies various schemes of pricing. Some charges are fixed as on the basis of monthly hours, where other supplier charges the fee on the basis of hourly rate. In addition, some servicers apply a strategy with a blend of equally pricing schemes. By this, Java Net may promptly fix or charged more internet service fee for an individual at a monthly basis. Second, Java Net also concentrates about the market of other internet user. Third, Java Net may do a market survey on current market condition. By analyzing these three factors Java Net fix the hourly pri ce of $5. Promotion Strategy Java Net will mainly apply strategy of pull for increasing the consciousness and their demand. Primarily, Java Net has fixed its initial budget of  £5,000 in order to promotional sector which will consists of promoting to manage the coupons system for the free time of internet using which is free on the basis of publication of local and the promotion of house for example: providing customers the free time using more internet if the payment will be cleared initially by Java net. Java Net assumes that if competition increase that means new competitors access the internet business market, Java Net has to spend more money for the sector of advertising for increasing their sales for leading in case of market share. Sales Strategy Because of the retail business of Java Net, they recruit personnel for maintaining the transaction of daily or monthly sales and for these employees they should have the proficiency I computer or should have the good computer knowledge. There is another option on Java Net that is if the employees are not computer experts then they are trained by the expert technician of Java Net. These full time technicians of Java Net are always ready for assisting the customers. for distinguishes the services of Java Net from their competitors, they committed to provide friendly and helpful services which is considered as the key success factor for them. Task 3: Forecasting of sales Data for sales forecasting are now presented by the table and graph below: Sales: here, Java Net is mainly relied on their coffee item and sales of espresso in order the financial information supplied by Allann Bros Coffee Co to the Java Net.  Their sales of internet are measured by estimating the hours total in related to the terminal on each day and after that they have to also estimate the numbers of hours of consumer use. Cost of goods sold: products which are coffee related, its cost of sales are mainly measured by the analysis of the retail profit which is mainly receive from Allann Bros. Coffee Co. here, coffee related items that is bakery items costs are the 20 percent of the selling price . The internet using cost is  £660 as monthly basis which have to pay as the networking fees to Bellevue company. E-mail account fees is also the selling price of 25%. http://www.bplans.co.uk/internet_cafe_business_plan/images/8c7fccef4de3487f96da6cfe7a3c659d.png http://www.bplans.co.uk/internet_cafe_business_plan/images/8bb6be51251041fcb8d2972b6013b98f.png Conclusion: Java Net, soon to be established in Central London on 10th and Oak, will provide the community easy and affordable entry to the Internet. And I produced the report of business research on the new service of establishment of this company in UK. Java Net will provide its customers with complete enter to the Internet and usual computer software and hardware. Java Net is meeting with the opportunity as stimulated of being the step-mover in the cyber-cafe market. The coherent quality of coffee, aggregate with the increasing interest in the Internet, has been established to be a gaining concept in other markets and will produce the same results in other market. Java Net will be the most Internet cafe in Central London. Java Net will vary itself from the strictly-coffee cafes in London by offering its customers with combination of Internet and services of computing. Java Net will give full enter to email, WWW, FTP, Usenet and other Internet using for example: Telnet and Gopher. With the Int ernet system, printing, scanning, and introductory courses will also be available to the customer. Java Net will also offer customers with an unparalleled and creative environment for enjoying great coffee, specialty beverages, and bakery items. The main purpose of writing this report is to show the benefit of doing business on internet cafe which is most profitable and reasonable.

Idealism in F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Last Tycoon Essay examples -- La

Idealism in F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Last Tycoon Idealism is undoubtably present in F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Last Tycoon. Infatuation may be a better word, for that was exactly what possessed the main character, Monroe Stahr. He was totally engorged with one Kathleen Moore. He idealized Miss Moore as the second coming of his deceased wife Minna Davis. Stahr was a true man of men that had little to do with women since the tragic passing of his wife. He would rather put his feet up with a cigar and shoot the breeze with the boys. Yet once he laid eyes on Kathleen for the first time, all of that changed. It was love at first sight. Kathleen and Stahr meet after an earthquake rocked Los Angles. Stahr was surveying the damage done to the studio, when a prop came floating by with two "dames" clinging to it for their lives. A stage hand rescued and presented them to Stahr for judgement. That was the moment that would change everything. The following excerpt is a narration of what was going through Stahr's mind when he was struck blind by Cupid's golden arrow. "Smiling faintly at him from not four feet away was the face of his dead wife, identical even to the expression. Across the four feet of moonlight, the eyes he knew looked back at him, a curl blew a little on a familiar forehead; the smile lingered, changed a little according to pattern; the lips parted--the same." (Chp II, p.26) She was Minna, but she wasn't. All her features were Minna's, except her voice. "--and then he heard another voice speak that was not Minna's voice." (Chp II, p.26) She was obviously British and not glamorous American, as Minna's had been. Nevertheless, she was a replica of his life long love. Stahr determined right then that she would be the next. Before he could get himself together, Kathleen was whisked away by the police for trespassing. Stahr spent the next few days trying to track her down. By this time he had fully succumbed to her rapture. On their third meeting, they happened to stumble upon each other at a posh Hollywood party. Her beauty brought back all the sensations that had trapped him initially. The scene was as follows: "...the white table lengthened and became an altar where the priestess sat alone. Vitality welled up in him, and he could have stood a long time across the table from her, looking and smiling...(while dancing) she was momentarily u... ...es me feel as if life is just one big joke. I soon come to my senses and re-release that life will go on. Stahr on the other hand cannot get past the facts that love has left his life twice. It is just too much for him to deal with. I too idealized the woman in my life as the "wind beneath my wings." The sad fact is that just is not true. The only wind under my wings is the mountain valley breeze that is ever present on this university campus. I am reason for my survival, not a woman. Stahr saw Kathleen as the only thing missing from his life, and quite possibly that being a true statement. He could have lived without her, but he just didn't see it that way. Overall idealism is an interesting idea. We all do it, but why? Why do we idealize people and ideas? Are we trying to make them seem better than they really are? I believe that we do it, because it is instinctive. Whether we idealize a person or an abstract idea, we all do it. The Last Tycoon is an idealistic novel. Even during the time in which Fitzgerald was writing this novel, he idealized the novel itself as his best work. Tragically, just like Stahr, his dream was not realized due to death, that death being his own. Idealism in F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Last Tycoon Essay examples -- La Idealism in F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Last Tycoon Idealism is undoubtably present in F. Scott Fitzgerald's The Last Tycoon. Infatuation may be a better word, for that was exactly what possessed the main character, Monroe Stahr. He was totally engorged with one Kathleen Moore. He idealized Miss Moore as the second coming of his deceased wife Minna Davis. Stahr was a true man of men that had little to do with women since the tragic passing of his wife. He would rather put his feet up with a cigar and shoot the breeze with the boys. Yet once he laid eyes on Kathleen for the first time, all of that changed. It was love at first sight. Kathleen and Stahr meet after an earthquake rocked Los Angles. Stahr was surveying the damage done to the studio, when a prop came floating by with two "dames" clinging to it for their lives. A stage hand rescued and presented them to Stahr for judgement. That was the moment that would change everything. The following excerpt is a narration of what was going through Stahr's mind when he was struck blind by Cupid's golden arrow. "Smiling faintly at him from not four feet away was the face of his dead wife, identical even to the expression. Across the four feet of moonlight, the eyes he knew looked back at him, a curl blew a little on a familiar forehead; the smile lingered, changed a little according to pattern; the lips parted--the same." (Chp II, p.26) She was Minna, but she wasn't. All her features were Minna's, except her voice. "--and then he heard another voice speak that was not Minna's voice." (Chp II, p.26) She was obviously British and not glamorous American, as Minna's had been. Nevertheless, she was a replica of his life long love. Stahr determined right then that she would be the next. Before he could get himself together, Kathleen was whisked away by the police for trespassing. Stahr spent the next few days trying to track her down. By this time he had fully succumbed to her rapture. On their third meeting, they happened to stumble upon each other at a posh Hollywood party. Her beauty brought back all the sensations that had trapped him initially. The scene was as follows: "...the white table lengthened and became an altar where the priestess sat alone. Vitality welled up in him, and he could have stood a long time across the table from her, looking and smiling...(while dancing) she was momentarily u... ...es me feel as if life is just one big joke. I soon come to my senses and re-release that life will go on. Stahr on the other hand cannot get past the facts that love has left his life twice. It is just too much for him to deal with. I too idealized the woman in my life as the "wind beneath my wings." The sad fact is that just is not true. The only wind under my wings is the mountain valley breeze that is ever present on this university campus. I am reason for my survival, not a woman. Stahr saw Kathleen as the only thing missing from his life, and quite possibly that being a true statement. He could have lived without her, but he just didn't see it that way. Overall idealism is an interesting idea. We all do it, but why? Why do we idealize people and ideas? Are we trying to make them seem better than they really are? I believe that we do it, because it is instinctive. Whether we idealize a person or an abstract idea, we all do it. The Last Tycoon is an idealistic novel. Even during the time in which Fitzgerald was writing this novel, he idealized the novel itself as his best work. Tragically, just like Stahr, his dream was not realized due to death, that death being his own.

The Quantum Of Continuity :: essays research papers

<a href="http://philosophos.tripod.com">http://philosophos.tripod.com The problem of continuum versus discreteness seems to be related to the issue of infinity and finiteness. The number of points in a line served as the logical floodgate which led to the development of Set Theory by Cantor at the end of the 19th century. It took almost another century to demonstrate the problematic nature of some of Cantor's thinking (Cohen completed Godel's work in 1963). But continuity can be finite and the connection is, most times, misleading rather than illuminating. Intuition tells us that the world is continuous and contiguous. This seems to be a state of things which is devoid of characteristics other than its very existence. And yet, whenever we direct the microscope of scientific discipline at the world, we encounter quantized, segregated, distinct and discrete pictures. This atomization seems to be the natural state of things - why did evolution resort to the false perception of continuum? And how can a machine which is bound to be discrete by virtue of its "naturalness" - the brain - perceive a continuum? The continuum is an external, mental category which is imposed by us on our observations and on the resulting data. It serves as an idealized approximation of reality, a model which is asymptotic to the Universe "as it is". It gives rise to the concepts of quality, emergence, function, derivation, influence (force), interaction, fields, (quantum) measurement, processes and a host of other holistic ways of relating to our environment. The other pole, the quantized model of the world conveniently gives rise to the complementary set of concepts : quantity, causality, observation, (classic) measurement, language, events, quants, units and so on. The private, macroscopic, low velocity instances of our physical descriptions of the universe (theories) tend to be continuous. Newtonian time is equated to a river. Space is a yarn. Einstein was the last classicist (relativity just means that no classical observer has any preference over another in formulating the laws of physics and in performing measurements). His space-time is a four dimensional continuum. What commenced as a matter of mathematical convenience was transformed into a hallowed doctrine : homogeneity, isotropy, symmetry became enshrined as the cornerstones of an almost religious outlook ("God does not play dice"). These were assumed to be "objective", "observer independent" qualities of the Universe. There was supposed to be no preferred direction, no clustering of mass or of energy, no time, charge, or parity asymmetry in elementary particles.

Commercial Papermaking :: essays papers

Commercial Papermaking Paper in 20th-century civilization, is one of our most important industrial products. Books, magazines, and newspapers are printed on paper. Data from computers are usually printed on paper. Education, government and industry could not operate without printing and writing on paper. Paperboard (used in packaging), and absorbent papers (tissue and towelling) are other widely used paper products. Paper is made from cellulose fibbers, which are found in all plant cell walls. When a mixture of water and fibbers is filtered through a fine screen, the fibbers tangle together to form a sheet of paper. As the wet sheet is dried chemical bonds form between the molecules in cellulose fibbers next to one and other. This gives the sheet of paper its strength. The grade and type of any paper depends on the fibbers and processes used in making it. The basic process of making paper has not changed in more than 2000 years. It involves two stages: the breaking up of raw materials in water to make a suspension of individual fibbers and the formation of felted sheets by spreading this suspension on a porous surface, to drain excess water. The essential steps of papermaking by machine are identical with those of hand papermaking just much more complex. The first step in machine papermaking is the preparation of the raw material. For centuries, the main raw materials used in papermaking were cotton and linen fibbers obtained from rags. Today more than 95 percent of paper is made from wood cellulose. Wood is used mainly for the cheapest grades of paper, such as newsprint. Cotton and linen fibbers are still used for high quality writing and artist’s papers. Many kinds of wood can be used such as aspen, beach, birch fir, gum, hemlock, oak, pine, and spruce. The preparation of making wood into a pulp for papermaking is accomplished in two different ways. In the groundwood process, blocks of wood are held against a fast revolving grindstone that shreds off short wood fibbers from the block. The fibbers produced by this process are short and are used only in the production of cheap newsprint and used to be added with other types of wood fibber in the making of high-quality paper. Another technique uses a chemical-solvent processes where wood chips are treated with solvents that remove â€Å"resinous material and lignin† from the wood, leaving pure fibbers of cellulose.

Multiprotocol Label Switching Networks

IP networks were initially designed with network survivability in a decentralized networking as the central goal. Thus the Internet infrastructures and protocols were intended from the very beginning for this purpose. As the Internet is evolving into a general-purpose communications network, the new realities require the development of new Internet infrastructure to support real-time-sensitive and multimedia applications such as voice over IP and video conference calls (Smith & Collins, 2001).Back in the mid to late 1990s, when most routers were predominantly based on software forwarding rather than hardware forwarding, a number of vendors devised proprietary mechanisms to switch packets far more efficiently than was possible with forwarding based entirely on hop-by-hop longest match IP address lookups. Various aspects of these proprietary mechanisms were effectively merged and developed by the MPLS working groups at the IETF and produced what we know today as MPLS (Edwards, Syngress , McCullough, & Lawson, 2000).MPLS is a key component of the new Internet infrastructure and represents a fundamental extension to the original IP-based Internet with changes to the existing infrastructure (Wang, 2002).Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS)MPLS introduces connection orientation and packet switching in IP networks. IP datagrams are forwarded by MPLS routers along pre-established paths, based on a short label. This reduces the amount of routing computations, which are carried out only at the times of setting up new paths. MPLS allows introducing new traffic engineering techniques which apply for connection-oriented networks can be applied to MPLS networks. One of these techniques is dynamic routing.Another important application for MPLS networks is the configuration of Virtual Private Networks (VPNs) over a public IP network. The benefit of MPLS for this application is that private IP addresses, which may be not unique, are separated from the world-wide valid public IP addresses used in the public IP network. The separation of addresses is realized by building MPLS tunnels through the public IP network. The MPLS protocol can also be run on ATM networks and frame relay networks. This simplifies the interworking between these networks and IP networks (Smith & Collins, 2001).MPLS connections are well suited to the fast-forwarding (also called switching) of any type of network layer protocol (not just IP), hence the word multiprotocol in the name. it will be widely used for two main types of application:First, it adds controllability of IP networks. As already noted, an IP network is much like a â€Å"free-for-all† highway without traffic control, to use the analogy of a highway system. All the traffic can be crammed onto the highway at once, and each router along the way tries its best to get the traffic through without any guarantee of succeeding, MPLS marks ‘lanes’ with labels for the IP highway, and each packet flow has to foll ow a predefined lane or path. Once the ‘lanes’ are marked, a set of traffic parameters can be associated with each lane to guarantee the service delivery. It reduces randomness and adds controllability to the IP network (Edwards et al., 2000).Second, MPLS adds switching capability to the routing-based IP network. The traditional Internet structure has every router along the way examine the destination address inside a packet and determine the next hop. In a switched network, each switch routes the traffic from the input port to a predetermined output port without examining the contents of each packet. This is also called route once and switch many times, since the packet contents are examined only at the entry of the MPLS network to determine a proper ‘lane’ for the packet. The benefits of this change include speedup of network traffic and network scalability(Smith & Collins, 2001).Summary and ConclusionLabel switching is something that has been significant interest from the Internet community, and significant effort has been made to define a protocol called Multiprotocol Label Switching (MPLS).MPLS involves the attachment of a short label to a packet in from of the IP header. This effectively is like inserting a new layer between the IP layer and the underlying link layer of the OSI model. The label contains all the information that a router needs to forward a packet. The value of a label may be used to look up the next hop in the path and forward to the next router. The difference between this and standard IP routing is that the match is an exact one and is not a case of looking for the longest match (that is, the match with the longest subnet mask). This enables faster routing decisions within routers (Wang, 2002).The expansion rates for Internet protocol (IP) interchange and users persist to be very remarkable. What once was a technology principally used within the territories of academe and leisure is now being utilized around th e world for conventional commerce submissions, like e-commerce, Web-based industry in the development of the carrier system as service contributors around the world concentrate on optimization and benefit efficiency (Edwards et al., 2000).In many ways, MPLS is as much of a traffic engineering protocol as it is a Quality of Service (QoS) protocol. It is somewhat analogous to the establishment of virtual circuits in ATM and can lead to similar QoS benefits. It helps to provide QoS by helping to better manage traffic. Whether it should be called traffic engineering protocol of QoS protocol hardly matters if the end results is better QoS (Wang, 2002).References:Edwards, M. J., Syngress, R. F., McCullough, A., & Lawson, W. (2000). Building Cisco Remote Access Networks. Rockland, MA: Syngress.Smith, C., & Collins, D. (2001). 3G Wireless Networks. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional.Wang, H. H. (2002). Packet Broadband Network Handbook. New York: McGraw-Hill Professional.

Women Safety in Urban Public Spaces

Womans sanctuary in urban humankind musculus quadriceps femorissAbstractions It finds in truth awk hold to walk past that behavior of life at that cut short. These ar the words we a great deal hear from m both slew, busyly magnanimous females. Bing designers and urban contrivers do we hold some(prenominal) billet to coquette in project this issue? It is the right of either soul to experience safe and rise to power al behaviorsy unnumberable. Women, just about of the clip experience c ar in macrocosm myriads and male prevail un c atomic number 18ful. This paper aims to say the cardinal lawsuit that summate to do a blank perilous and note passels position of this job. isolate or dead edifices, secluded innumerouss, dour flora, hap slight substructure and lighting and illicit c argon most of the clip issuing in datelesss which would be perceived as fearful. On the other manus, the social grammatical crook is much ex passed into the boundles ss. A particular guinea pig of Nagarjuna Nagar in Vijayawada has been studied to helper and deliver note of the perceptual experiences of people. The issuings from this carry has been comp ard to m all an(prenominal) theories that have been actual everyplace clip by celebrated geographers and urban contrivers and interior decorators and sociologists.Cardinal Wordss alarmen off, safe infinites, bountiful females and spatial constellation, urban gumshoe demonstration Sexual torment at public topographical points is unwelcome, unasked behavior of a inner nature including staring, gesticulating, touching, go through with(predicate)ing remarks, draging. These may non look to be a erect job, barely they can be kinda disconcerting. It comes giving females experience ashamed, humiliated or scare offened. ( Vijayawada Police )What is an insecure infinite? In existent universe, it is a construct excogitateed by people over clip. When a individual refers to a infin ite as insecure, he arrived at the sentiment imputable to their expericence in much(prenominal) infinites or defective lucks encountered by other people in such infinites. Research in unique suggests three brokers that mediate the impact of contrary beginnings of panic in pee-peeation memorabi lightedy, affectivity and informativeness( Tyler and Rasinski, 1984 ) .Fear beginnings which support a clear im be on of where the crime took topographic point, on whom, by whom etc.. realise a graphic image of environments of fear.Information ab step up(predicate) onslaughts which relate to cock-a-hoop females s ain life style ( geographic anyy and soci bothy ) have a stronger impact on their images of danger as they are on the loose(p) able to conceive of the resembling function go oning to themselves( Gill Valentine Images of risk of exposure Women s Beginnings of Information around the spacial dispersion of Male Violence ) .Safety or fright of rudeness in any infinite is non merely limited to big(a) females. The psycological impact that fright dramas in the mobility form of self-aggrandising females should be con typefacered as an look in design. Although smelling unsafe is non curb to mature females, the fright that braggart(a) females feeling in urban countries is rather comic. It is to make with physical and psychological honor Although non all(prenominal) cock-a-hoop females have been raped or firinged, all have felt at some point that indefinable feeling of malaise which ranges from simply experiencing uncomfortable to paralysis .( Samaoun, 2000 29 )The fright that enceinte females develop over infinites resile them to entree a infinite. Women s fright of danger in a overt infinite in high compared to a private infinite while the statics show up an whole contrastive image. Surveys show that mature females feed to fear offense more than hunt forces do but are slight exposed to offense than work forces( Tiby, E. 1991 ). The point beginning of adult females s fright is the fright of an extra crime- a sexual onslaught besides robbery or burglary( Carina Listerborn Women s Fear & A spacial Configurations ) .AsDoreen Masseygenuinely argues inFor dummythat our societal dealingss are be encompassing into the physical environment and in that locationfore spacial dealingss are political. This in a mode adds to the full scene. It can be run aground that India being a patriarchal society, reflects this construction and beliefs in the beef up environment. When a strike down r separatelyes 15 old ages, limitation would be laid on her communal form, where as a male child of same age is al pitiableed to entree any infinite at any hr of the 24 minute of arcs. We need to understand how strong the physical environment is, in determining the lives of people. They are non given the benefit to lounge contradictory work forces and alternatively forced to suppress herself to the domestic sphere alternati vely of reshaping the public infinites to do her feel safe.( Shall We Go come protrude of the closet? Women s Safety in humanity spots in Delhi Kalpana Viswanath, Surabhi Tandon Mehrotra) .Womans are encouraged to persuade out Piper nigrum sprays and larn self- self-denial mechanism fast 1s instead than distinguishking to work out the corporate societal issue. Peoples voices should be given extreme value and a advisory procedure should ensue into a solution. scarcely so can adult females entree the full rights of being an urban citizen( Shall We Go protrude Women s Safety in Public Spaces ) .Carina Listerborn in Women s Fear & A Space Configurationsjustly inquiries how democratic and warrant is it to experience insecure in a infinite which is an of import panorama of timbre of societal life? In this context, there is a demand to cognize about the significance of a public infinite in an urban context. Public infinites play a important function in judging the quality of an capital. As pointed out justlyby Kalpana Viswanath, Surabhi Tadon Mehrotra in Shall We Go Out Women s Safety in Public Spaces in Delhi, the quality of a chief city has to be judged by what it offers to its residents- the right to populate, trigger about and work with self-respect and guard. It outlines that the public infinite offers infinite and freedom to get extraneous the holds and emphasis of a household or community. But, many it a clip its left(a)(p) unnoticed that the societal life a public infinite offers are often profoundly grammatical gendered both in availableness and right.As this job is really less bothered about, adult females have genuine their ain manner to under prefer this fright. The return twenty-four hours layout of metropoliss leave people in a convulsion, most frequently, instead to take a safer path or a shorter path. This indicates the significance to discourse the spacial constellations.The infinite sentence structure which builds a coiti on between societal dimension and the reinforced environment takes a cardinal function in judging the aim of golosh in a infinite. This plays a commandment function in bar of offense and undertaking fright while accessing a infinite.Carina Listerbornlineations three constructs earlier introduced byBill HillierinSpace is the Machineto analyze fright and infinite constellations dealingss. She voices that fright rises witha. ) Urban emptiness- which is associate to the construct of practical community and urbanity and is measurable by the average integrating value. disgust includes a broad field, from burglary to street- force, and dressed ores on an object or state of affairs. In contrast, fright is related to how you experience and read the environment. Urban emptiness is an of import facet in both the instances. ( Carina Listerborn )B. ) The want of intelligibility- infantryman travel paths makes one feel insecure.c. ) need of visibility- Smaller ocular cone increases the fright of being attacked.Bill Hillier in Space is the Machine defines the practical community as the form of inherent co-presence brought approximately through the influence of spacial design on motion and other related facets of infinite employment. He besides adds that a wrong designed infinite does non accomplish the natural forms of societal co-presence ensuing in an waste infinite which kindles fright.Urbanity, he argues is about clip and infinite & A its grade could be measured by numbering the approximate of people transposing through a maintain of 100m per minute.If there is less than two people beside you within 100m it is the disdain bound of urbanity and the lower degree of human creativeness are 8-10 work/100m distance of street. ( Gronlund, B. 1998 )Fear is conjugate to the grade of emptiness and thereby seeming to the grade of integrating which depends on the spacial construction.Research workers have shown different grade of integrating values by canvas th e tree- agreement with grid system.( Klarqvist, B. 1997 )An apprehensible system is one in which well-connected infinites besides tend to be well- incorporate infinites. An unintelligible system is one where good connected infinites are non good incorporate, so what we can see of their connexions misleads us about the position of that infinites in the system as a whole.( Hillier, B. 1996 )Isovist in relation to intelligibility is important to understand the prompt environment through visibleness. It helps to cipher what is crumb the corner or the shrubs in instance of fright but it is non reliable ever as its destinations are non clear.Physical and societal facets of a topographic point contribute to the experience of fright. Fear can be ca utilise both by the presence and absence seizure of people and people have substantial assorted schemes to get by with it.( Carina Listerborn )In the present twenty-four hours context of India, adult females are required to work out-of-doorss , travel long distances to make workplaces and now that cosmos is dismaying, mass lodgings are snapshot up. Harmonizing to thePopulation Census 2011, 53 metropoliss are place as population over 10 Lakh, and referred to as Mega Cities. A sum of 36,622 instances of offenses against adult females were inform from these mega metropoliss in 2012 where as 33,789 instances were reported in 2011.The rate of offense was 47.8 quantify higher compared to the national rate of 41.7.Among 53 metropoliss, Delhi has accounted for 14.2 % followed by Bangalore ( 6.2 % ) , Kolkata ( 5.7 % ) , Hyderabad ( 5.2 % ) and Vijayawada ( 5.2 % ) .Vijayawada has reported 16.6 % incidences of abuse to the reason of adult females.Though Indian guilty Code identifies the undermentioned as punishable offenses against adult females which are the root causes for adult females s restricted mobility, the construct of fright and insecure infinites that adult females are stuck with dramas a important function.CRIM ES AGAINST WOMENKidnaping and abduction for stipulate intentsRapeHomicide for dowery, dowry deceases or their effortsTorture- both mental and physicalAssault on adult females with purpose to shock her modestnessAbuse to the modestness of adult femalesImporting of miss from foreign state ( upto 21yrs of age )EXISTING MODELS OF GENDER CONSCIOUS Planning in that respect are already bing theoretical accounts of gender witting planning to react to the womens fright of force. They areBroken WindowsThis focuses on the zero- tolerance to offense, closed circuit telecastings and an exclusionary attack to making safer infinites. ( Mitchell, 2003 )Safer Communities ModelIt has a foretaste to do public infinites safer through activities, undercoat usage, societal mix and affecting users in planing schemes and enterprises for safer public infinites.SPACES WHERE WOMEN FEEL UNSAFEThe sorts of topographic points that are most feared include Parkss, commonalty unfastened infinites, beaches, parki ng areas/garages, tunnels, metros, back-streets, stepss, isolated pram Michigans, industrial countries and minatory empty split of the metropolis like shopping countries or vicinities at dark.( Women s Fear & A Spatial Configuration Carina Listerborn )It is found from a study by an NGO Jagori in New Delhi, that adult females feel uncomfortable in male dominated infinites such as coffin nail stores, dhabas, literary hack bases, certain street corners and certain Parkss. Womans were indisposed to utilize these infinites and frequently accompanied by work forces to dhabas and tea corners.( Shall We Go Out Women s Safety in Public Spaces )Parks were identified as the public infinites adult females enjoy the most during a twenty-four hours with childs or equals while see it super insecure after dark.The low boundaries, dark midst green infinites and absence of secure systems add to the fright in Parkss.Metros, which take a outstanding function in the context of Delhi are turnin g insecure due to miss of proper lighting, improperly defined entry and issue points, inadequateness of signage, absence of guards which lead to the diminution in the users of these metros.The findings of the audits reflect that the presence of sellers add to the safety of a infinite and adult females feel it comfy and familiar.Street visible radiations are frequently placed in the center of the course and the coach Michigans and pavings are non decently lit with visible radiations of their ain, increasing the hazard of adult females utilizing it after dark.Public lavatories have besides been pronounced as danger for adult females where many instances were reported of offenses and torments.THE CASE OF VIJAYAWADAPublic and cheat public utilizationsThese categorys of land include all the governing body offices, Municipal offices, offices of other topical anesthetic governments and other public establishments like temples, churches, mosques, and the similar. The metropolis provid es public and semifinal public public-service corporations and installations all covering about 270 hour be given of land accounting for 7 % of the veritable ground. Large public public-service corporation constitutions are found in protect 15 ( 54 hour careen ) , shield 10 ( 49 hour angle ) , cellblock 24 ( 36 hour angle ) , ward 25 ( 26 hour angle ) and ward 8 ( 22 hour angle ) .In footings of proportions, ward 15 histories for one fourth of its solid ground under public and semi public utilizations, following being ward 24 with 19 % followed by ward 10 % ( 16 % ) .Most of the country along Mahatma Gandhi roadway in wards 10, countries environing NTR health University, and countries neighboring Gunadala hill in ward 24 are put to public and semi public utilizations.RESEARCH suspenseWhat are the grounds that public infinites are insecure for adult females to the extent that they ascendance their mobility form?MethodologyTo analyse the seek objectives, an onsite site trace was conducted in Nagarjuna Nagar header passage in Vijayawada in the month of October 2014.SettingNagarjuna Nagar is an country in Vijayawada metropolis which is 2.4km from Benz Circle, a cardinal junction in the metropolis which is the point of convergence of NH-5 ravel from Chennai to Kolkata and NH-9 which leads to Machilipatnam, a circle that attracts heavy trade and circle for Educational Institutes. The authorities infirmary junction is the nearest junction and this country and is 140m off. There is a NTR Health University and Government Hospital and Siddartha Medical College on the side antonym to the main road. Another route in the locality leads to Autonagar. Nagarjuna Nagar in peculiar grew up as a residential settlement from the clip of its initial development. Subsequently, the NH5 frontlet is developing to run into the commercial demands of people and hence the activities and edifices uses in this country are effected. The survey load way has been ascertai ned to hold deficiency of sellers most of the clip. roleTo gain the independent promoters that consequence the incidentor of safety of adult females, a thin out of route, from A to B has been picked up in this country and has been surveyed.This country has comparatively really low offense rates, but so the choice of this country was base on the experience of most of them who traverse this route. 2 points A and B have been label in the map, where A base near the NH5 frontage and B ends at a edifice which is presently being used as a girls inn. This stretch of route has been divided into zones to cognize the experiences in bingle infinites and the grounds behind that. The full stretch of route has a assorted usage of buildings- residential, commercial and park. Few packages of the land has been left as waste land with exceed trees. The factors that people think do distinction to the individualal safety of adult females was measured by a questionnaire that contained the follow ersIn each of the zone, what do you believe are the grounds that consequence the safety factor?Poor LightingPeoples sing other edificesPeoples populating in the neighbouring edificesDense Tree PlantationsLack of People/Activity/VendorsWaste/ dim LandPoor Maintenance of the SpaceHeight of Buildings curtailing position to the other roadsNo neighbouring buildings/ sequester edificesParticipants AND ProcedureThe field survey was carried out in the country in October 2014. The model consisted of 70 members ( 12 male and 58 female ) , runing in age from 15 to 60, where most of them fall in the class of 15-30 old ages. They were briefed about the survey and its central point. The interviewers had a map of the country of survey and the pronounced paths and the edifices adjacent to the survey way. The way is 400m long and were asked to reply the inquiries based on their experiences till day of the month.The start and terminal point was same for all the 70 participants, but positions fromA study questionnaire has been wide-awake and 65 members have been asked to reply that based on their experience and some general inquiries have even been asked to understand the person s thought procedure.The undermentioned human body depicts a map of the survey way with single zones of survey marked and each of the edifice typologies have besides been specified to assist the interviewers recollect the infinite and their experience.The 70 participants had to reply a standardised questionnaire at each of the pronounced zone to assess the sensed danger. This survey is focused to understand the impact of specific physical factors and individualised factors.DISCUSSION/CONCLUSIONGill Valentine in his publications outlines that it is fear which people develop that restrict the motion form where as Doreen Massey argues that most frequently our societal dealingss are being extended into infinites and thereby regulates the mobility of people. Bill Hillier, on the other manus, negotiations about integrating of infinites as a cardinal factor that influences the safety aspects in a infinite. He adds that infinites may be good connected but non good integrated.Consequences of a study conducted by an NGO Jagori in few move of Delhi reflects that hapless substructure installations, hapless or no lighting, absence of people/low denseness infinites and infinites next to dense flora are perceived by adult females as insecure. The consequences besides showcase the fact that adult females preferred streets with batch of operation than a tract which is good strengthened and maintained but doesnt have any activity go oning about. The same consequence was obtained for a study conducted by Shilpa Ranade, Shilpa Phadke and Sameera Khan. On the impudent side, Carina Listerborn states that urban emptiness, deficiency of intelligibility and deficiency of visibleness are the straight congeneric to that a individual experiences in a infinite.MentionsAnke Blobaum & A Marcel Hunecke , July 2005 Perceived endangerment in Urban Public Space The Impacts of Physical Features and Personal Factors Environment and Behaviour, Vol 37 No. 4Gill Valentine Women s Fear & A The Design of Public Space.Laura Hengehold 2011 When Safety Becomes a Duty Gender, Loneliness and Citizenship for Urban Women WSQ Women s Studies Quarterly 39Rachel H Pain declination 1995 Social Geographies of Women s Fear of wickedness Gill Valentine Department of Geography Images of Danger Women s Beginnings of Information about the Spatial Distribution of Male ViolenceJennifer K. Wesely and Emily Gaarder October 2004 The Gendered Nature of the Urban Outdoorss Womans Negociating Fear of Violence Gender and Society, Vol 18 No 5Stephanle Condon, Marylene Lieber & A Florence Maillochon September 2007 nip Unsafe in Public Places ground Women s Fears Carina Listerborn 1999 Women s Fear and Space Configurations Space Syntax Second multinational Symposium Brasilia.